Best orthodontist near me braces invisalign

Braces vs Clear Aligners for Teens in Broward County

Let’s cut through the noise.
I talk to parents from Weston, Pembroke Pines, and Hollywood every day who feel stuck.
Your son hates the idea of metal brackets.
Your daughter swears she will wear her aligners but you are not so sure.
You just want a straight answer on what works best without wasting time or money.
I get it.
At SMILE-FX Orthodontic Studio in Miramar, we fix smiles for teens who have busy lives, strong opinions, and parents who demand real clinical results.

Why Most Orthodontic Visits Feel Outdated

Direct Answer: Old-school braces often mean messy putty molds, high-volume waiting rooms, and treatment dragged out to 18 or 24 months — a huge source of anxiety for teens balancing school, sports, and social life.

Too many clinics still treat teenagers like numbers on a spreadsheet.
I hear stories about crowded waiting areas and painful adjustments.
I hear about treatment plans that seem to go on forever with no clear end date.
We built our studio to be the opposite.
Your child enters a premium, experiential space.
We use elite medical rigor and artificial intelligence to deliver precision results in a fraction of the traditional time.
For teenagers, that means less time in a chair and more time living their life.

Metal Braces vs Clear Aligners: What Actually Works for Teens?

Direct Answer: Both systems work exceptionally well when managed by a board-certified specialist. The real deciding factors are your teen’s specific clinical needs, their lifestyle, and honestly, their compliance level.

Every smile is a unique biomechanical puzzle.
Solving it requires advanced 3D diagnostics and deep clinical experience.
You cannot just look at a smile and guess.
Here is how the two most advanced options break down for South Florida families.

Advanced FX Ai Braces

Metal braces are not what they used to be.
We offer our proprietary FX Ai Braces system.
This is a computer-guided, mathematically optimized bracket placement process.
It means highly accurate tooth movement and significantly reduced treatment time.
If your teen wants a specific look, we have sleek metal, clear ceramic, or champagne aesthetic brackets.
For those who want the hardware hidden entirely, we are among a select few in the United States credentialed in advanced lingual braces like InBrace and Win Lingual, which sit behind the teeth.
See our full range of braces technology.

Clear Aligners and Top Rated Invisalign Options

If your teen wants a camera-ready smile without visible hardware, you need clear aligners.
As a Top Rated Invisalign Provider and a prestigious Pink Diamond OrthoFX provider, we handle complex teen cases other clinics turn away.
Our in-house 3D printing lab fabricates custom aligners with hyper-accuracy.
Teens can take them out for meals, sports, and brushing.
We also offer FDA-approved nighttime-only aligner solutions for maximum convenience.
The flexibility here is unmatched.
Explore our full guide to clear aligners to see if they fit your teen’s lifestyle.

Why Florida’s Humidity Changes the Bonding Game

Direct Answer: In our coastal Broward County environment, persistent 60%+ humidity can cause bracket failure if orthodontists don’t use HEMA-free universal adhesives and vacuum-assisted isolation techniques.

This is one of those details that separates a specialist from the rest.
I have seen too many transfer patients who had brackets popping off every week.
The culprit is usually moisture contamination during the bonding process.
Here at our Miramar studio, we use systems like Transbond XT and ZOO vacuum-assisted isolation to create a completely dry field.
Whether it is a rainy afternoon in Pembroke Pines or a humid morning in Davie, your hardware stays rock solid.
This means fewer emergency visits and zero delays in your timeline.

Mapping Out the Commute from Weston, Davie, and Hollywood

Direct Answer: By integrating AI-powered remote tracking like DentalMonitoring, we cut in-office visits by about 40%. Families commuting from Fort Lauderdale or Cooper City make the drive far less often, saving hours of traffic on I-95 and the Palmetto Expressway.

The drive to Miramar might seem like a consideration.
But picture this: you only need to make the trip roughly half as often as a traditional local provider.
Our technology allows constant clinical oversight from your phone.
We catch issues early and keep strict tabs on progress without pulling your teen out of class.
We time our major Phase 1 and Phase 2 adjustments around the Broward County school testing calendars.
Because let’s be real, trying to adjust braces the week of AP exams is a nightmare for everyone involved.
Learn more about our convenient location in Miramar and how we make the commute worth it.

Breaking Down the Real Costs in 2024

Direct Answer: The cost of braces or aligners varies based on the complexity of the malocclusion. We offer flexible financing with 0 downpayment options for qualified patients and 0 % interest options available, with plans starting as low as a highly affordable monthly rate.

We believe world-class medical care must be accessible.
Do not let financial anxiety keep you from getting the best.
We work with most major insurance plans, including Florida Blue PPO and Delta Dental of Florida, to maximize your benefits.
We have multiple tables below to break down how we make high-end care affordable.

Treatment Type Materials Estimated Time Financing Path
FX Ai Braces (Metal) Aesthetic/Steel 4-12 Months 0% interest options available
Clear Aligners In-House 3D Print 4-8 Months 0 downpayment options for qualified
Lingual Braces Hidden Custom Gold 6-14 Months Plans as low as a manageable monthly rate

Our goal is to get your teen out of treatment months ahead of standard timelines.
To show you exactly how we do that, here is the visit frequency our patients actually experience.
The numbers speak for themselves.

Provider Type Avg. Office Visits Remote Check-Ins Traffic Stress Level
Traditional Ortho 18-24 None High
SMILE-FX VIP Suite 8-12 Weekly AI Scans Very Low

The Age 7 Window: Do Not Miss It

Direct Answer: The American Association of Orthodontists recommends a first check-up by age seven. Early evaluations let us identify jaw growth issues, airway volume problems, and signs your child may need Phase 1 treatment to prevent surgery or extractions later in life.

Waiting until all the baby teeth fall out is a massive gamble.
I see this every day in my chair.
We use ultra-low-radiation 3D CBCT imaging at our VIP Tech Suite to do more than just look at teeth.
We assess airway health and sleep-disordered breathing.
Here is a quick symptom-to-action matrix I teach parents.
If you see any of these signs, get a screening immediately.

Sign What It Might Mean Action Needed
Snoring or mouth breathing Narrow palate, airway restriction Airway-focused expansion
Crossbites or shifting jaws Asymmetric growth Phase 1 orthopedic correction
Crowding at age 7 Insufficient jaw space Arch development (no extractions)

Our Board-Certified Edge and Clinical Authority

Direct Answer: Every case at SMILE-FX is personally overseen by a board-certified orthodontic specialist. Achieving Diplomate status with the American Board of Orthodontics is a rigorous milestone reached by only about 30% of orthodontists, guaranteeing the safest and most predictable results.

You might wonder why families drive past other clinics to get to us.
The reason is a complete lack of compromise.
We do not just straighten teeth.
We optimize total facial wellness.
High-volume clear aligner mills and general dentists often lack the specialized training to correct complex bite issues safely.
I have personally corrected failed treatments from providers who should have never attempted them.
Our in-house 3D printing and AI remote tracking are not just fancy gadgets.
They are the reason we finish cases in as little as four to six months.
That is up to 50% faster than conventional methods.
We show your teen a realistic AI Smile Simulation upfront.
When they see the final result before we even start, compliance and motivation skyrocket.
That is the secret to fast treatment.

Get Started with a Free 3D Scan in Miramar

We replaced messy impressions with flawless Trios 3Shape and iTero optical scanning.
We added Virtual Reality entertainment to make the chair a calm space.
Every detail is designed to protect your time and your child’s comfort.
We comply strictly with the latest Florida legislative standards, including SB 1808, guaranteeing patient overpayment refunds within 30 days through automated ledger auditing.
Your financial safety is just as important to us as your dental health.
The teenage years are short.
Your child should spend them smiling with confidence, not hiding their teeth.
Do not settle for outdated methods or high-volume clinics.
Discover why we were voted the Best Orthodontic Experience in South Florida.

Ready to unlock your teen’s true confidence? Take the first step toward a flawless smile without leaving home by starting a virtual consult. Or visit our studio to experience the phygital difference in person. Book your Free 3D Scan & VIP Smile Consultation here and let us engineer the perfect smile for your child.

When Braces or Aligners Fail: The Retreatment Reality in South Florida

Direct Answer: Failed orthodontic treatment happens more often than you think. Relapse, root damage, and jaw joint pain from poorly planned mechanics send patients searching for a board-certified specialist who can reverse the damage and engineer a stable result that actually lasts.

I see this every week.
Someone walks into our Miramar studio feeling defeated.
They already spent thousands of dollars and wore braces or aligners for two years.
Now their bite feels off, their teeth are shifting back, or their jaw clicks when they chew.
The frustration is real.
At SMILE-FX Orthodontic Studio, we handle complex retreatment cases that other providers simply will not touch.
Why?
Because fixing someone else's mistakes requires ten times the clinical skill as starting from scratch.

Dr. Tracy Liang, our Clinical Director and Co-Founder, earned her Diplomate status from the American Board of Orthodontics.
Only about 30 percent of orthodontists achieve this gold standard.
She is also a Credentialed Fellow of the International Academy for Dental-Facial Esthetics, a distinction held by less than 1 percent of orthodontists in the United States.
When your first round of treatment did not deliver, you need this level of expertise sitting in the chair.
Learn more about how we are different from the typical orthodontic practice.

What Causes Orthodontic Relapse in Broward County Patients

Direct Answer: The three biggest culprits are skipping the retention phase, undiagnosed tongue thrust or airway issues, and treatment that moved teeth into an unstable position against the patient's natural facial musculature from day one.

Relapse is not bad luck.
It is bad planning.
I review 3D CBCT scans on every retreatment case that enters our studio.
Often I find the original treatment plan ignored the patient's true skeletal pattern.
They pushed teeth into a pretty alignment that looked good in selfies but could never hold up against the forces of chewing, swallowing, and tongue posture.
Worse, I discover undiagnosed airway constriction that forces the tongue to thrust forward at night, relentlessly pushing teeth out of place.
At SMILE-FX, we do not just re-straighten teeth.
We identify and correct the root cause of why they shifted, including evaluating treatable cases that span far beyond simple crowding.

The Adult Orthodontic Boom in South Florida

Direct Answer: Adults now make up nearly 30 percent of orthodontic patients nationwide. In image-conscious markets like Weston, Boca Raton, and Fort Lauderdale, that number skews even higher as professionals chase what we call the Miami Glow Up without the hardware stigma of metal braces.

You might think braces are just for teenagers.
Think again.
I treat executives who want to upgrade their Face Card before a big promotion cycle.
I treat brides planning their wedding smile six months out.
I treat retirees who finally have the time and resources to invest in themselves.
Clear aligners changed the game for this demographic.
Our in-house 3D printing lab fabricates custom aligners right here in Miramar.
No waiting weeks for shipments from a distant factory.
No settling for a one-size-fits-all aligner system designed for easy cases.
We engineer every aligner for the patient's exact biomechanics.
See our complete range of clear aligners built for adult lifestyles.

Age Group Primary Concern Preferred Appliance Avg. Treatment Window
Adults 25-40 Aesthetics, speed, low visibility Clear Aligners, Lingual Braces 4-8 months
Adults 40-55 Bite correction, longevity FX Ai Braces, Hybrid Plans 6-12 months
Adults 55+ Tooth preservation, airway health Phase 1 Airway, Limited Ortho 4-10 months

Adults often ask me if they waited too long.
The answer is almost always no.
Healthy teeth can move at any age.
The key is having a specialist who understands adult bone biology, gum recession risk, and the aesthetic demands of a professional face.
That is exactly what Dr. Liang delivers, backed by her Summa Cum Laude DDS and rigorous residency training at the University of Minnesota.

In-House 3D Printing Versus Outsourced Aligners

Direct Answer: In-house 3D printed aligners cut production time from three weeks to as little as 24 hours. They also allow for mid-course corrections without waiting on shipping, which keeps your treatment timeline on track without compromise.

Most orthodontic offices take a scan and email it to a massive corporate lab.
That lab prints your aligners in a different state, ships them back, and hopes they fit.
If they do not, you wait another three weeks.
At SMILE-FX, we print aligners steps from the treatment chair.
Our cutting-edge technology suite includes professional-grade 3D printers that produce aligners with micron-level accuracy.
If Dr. Liang wants to tweak a tooth movement mid-treatment, we design, print, and deliver the revised aligner within a day or two.
This level of control is why we finish cases months ahead of traditional providers.
It is also why we earned recognition as the Best Clear Aligner Provider 2025 in South Florida.

Lingual Braces: The Hidden Solution Nobody Sees

Direct Answer: Lingual braces mount completely behind the teeth. They deliver the same precise force control as traditional braces with absolute invisibility, making them the top choice for professionals and public-facing careers where any visible hardware is a dealbreaker.

I am one of fewer than ten doctors in the United States expert-credentialed in the Win Lingual braces system.
I also hold advanced certification in the InBrace Lingual system.
This is not marketing fluff.
These are technically demanding appliances that most orthodontists never learn to use.
Placement requires a completely different biomechanical approach because the forces are applied from the tongue side of the teeth.
When done right, the results are spectacular.
Your smile transforms in plain sight and nobody knows how.
Explore our full braces technology portfolio, including our proprietary FX Ai Braces system with champagne gold aesthetic brackets for those who want a touch of Soft Glam with their treatment.

Lingual System Best For Visibility Comfort Level
Win Lingual Complex adult cases, precise control Zero visible hardware Adapts in 7-10 days
InBrace Mild to moderate alignment Zero visible hardware Low profile, fast adaptation
FX Ai Braces (Ceramic) Teens and young adults Tooth-colored, low profile Smooth, rounded brackets

The OrthoFX and NiTime Aligner Difference

Direct Answer: OrthoFX aligners use a proprietary polymer that resists staining and delivers more consistent force over the wear cycle. The NiTime aligner protocol requires only nighttime wear, a game-changer for busy adults who cannot commit to 22 hours of daytime aligner use.

As a Pink Diamond OrthoFX provider, the highest tier possible, we offer these premium aligners to patients who want an alternative path to a Top Rated Invisalign Provider experience.
The OrthoFX material stays clearer throughout treatment.
No embarrassing yellowing halfway through a set of trays.
The NiTime protocol is particularly popular with my Weston and Pembroke Pines professionals.
Put them in when you go to sleep, take them out in the morning.
That is it.
Compliance skyrockets when the treatment fits your life instead of the other way around.
Coupled with our AI remote monitoring, we track your progress weekly through your smartphone camera.
You visit our Miramar studio far less often than you would at a conventional orthodontic practice.

Airway Health and Sleep: What Your Orthodontist Should Be Checking

Direct Answer: A narrow upper jaw does not just crowd teeth. It shrinks the nasal airway, forcing mouth breathing, snoring, and in serious cases, sleep-disordered breathing that affects brain development in children and cardiovascular health in adults.

This is a topic I get fired up about.
Too many orthodontists treat the smile in isolation.
They expand arches just enough to fit the teeth and call it done.
At SMILE-FX, we use ultra-low-radiation 3D CBCT imaging to visualize the entire airway from nasal passage to trachea.
When I see a constricted airway in a seven-year-old, I know that early expansion can change that child's life trajectory.
Better sleep, better focus in school, better facial development.
For adults, addressing airway volume during orthodontic treatment can reduce or eliminate snoring and improve sleep quality.
This is not an add-on service for us.
It is baked into every diagnosis at our board-certified specialist practice.

Real Talk About Insurance and Payment in Florida

Direct Answer: We work with Florida Blue PPO and Delta Dental of Florida to maximize your insurance benefits. For the portion insurance does not cover, we offer flexible plans with 0 downpayment options for qualified patients and 0 percent interest options available, with monthly payments starting as low as a truly manageable rate.

High-end orthodontic care should not be financially out of reach.
We filed our insurance credentialing with the major PPO networks that South Florida families and professionals actually carry.
Our team verifies your benefits before you commit to anything.
No surprise bills.
No fine print games.
We also comply strictly with Florida SB 1808, which mandates patient overpayment refunds within 30 days through automated ledger auditing.
Your money is protected by state law and by our internal systems.
If you want to understand your options before even stepping foot in the studio, start with a virtual consult from your couch in Weston or your office in Downtown Fort Lauderdale.

What Happens During Your First Visit to the VIP Tech Suite

Direct Answer: Your first visit includes a Trios 3Shape or iTero optical scan with zero messy putty, a 3D CBCT if clinically indicated, an AI Smile Simulation showing your projected result, and a one-on-one consultation with Dr. Liang herself to review findings and build your custom roadmap.

We designed the entire experience to feel nothing like a medical clinic.
Our VIP Tech Suite puts you in a comfortable environment with virtual reality immersion if you want it.
The optical scan takes minutes.
The AI simulation shows you your future smile before any treatment begins.
When patients see that image, something clicks.
The motivation locks in.
Dr. Liang personally reviews every scan, every X-ray, every plan.
No treatment gets delegated to junior staff or remote technicians.
This is why we hold the Evergreen Award and were voted Best Orthodontic Experience in South Florida.
Check out real stories from families just like yours on our patient reviews page.

Getting Started With SMILE-FX in Miramar

Direct Answer: The simplest path is to book a Free 3D Scan and VIP Smile Consultation. You walk out with a clear diagnosis, a personalized treatment roadmap, and zero pressure to commit to anything that day.

Whether you are a parent in Pembroke Pines worried about your teenager, an adult in Hollywood considering clear aligners for the first time, or someone who already had braces and watched their results slip away, we can help.
Dr. Tracy Liang and the entire SMILE-FX team bring elite clinical training, advanced technology, and genuine care to every single case.
We respect your time with fewer visits.
We respect your trust with board-certified oversight on every treatment plan.
We respect your budget with transparent pricing and flexible financing that includes 0 downpayment options for qualified patients and 0 percent interest options available.
The teenage years are fleeting and your professional prime is now.
Do not wait another year hiding your smile.
Book your Free 3D Scan and VIP Smile Consultation here and let us build the confident smile you deserve.

Traditional Braces vs Invisalign: How to Cut Through the Noise

Direct Answer: Braces use brackets and wires fixed to your teeth. Invisalign uses removable clear plastic trays. The right choice depends on your specific bite complexity, your discipline to wear trays 20 to 22 hours a day, and how much you value eating without restrictions.

I get this question every single day at our Miramar studio.
Parents from Weston and Hollywood ask it.
Adults driving up from Aventura ask it.
The short answer is both systems work brilliantly in the hands of a Board Certified Orthodontist South Florida families actually trust.
The longer answer comes down to physics versus habits.
Braces are always working.
You cannot forget to wear them.
Invisalign relies on you following instructions.
If you slack, your treatment stalls.
If you stay disciplined, you get the allure of near-invisible straightening.
As a Top Rated Invisalign Provider, we use AI-powered remote monitoring called DentalMonitoring.
It flags me the instant a patient starts missing wear time.
This closes the compliance gap that causes most Invisalign failures.

What Braces Do Better (And Where They Fall Short)

Braces excel at complex tooth movements.
Rotating round teeth, pulling impacted canines into place, and fixing severe bite misalignments.
Because the hardware stays on 24/7, the forces are constant.
Our FX Ai Braces system uses computer-guided bracket placement to move teeth with mathematical precision.
You see consistent progress every month.
The trade-offs?
Flossing takes more effort.
You avoid popcorn and sticky candy.
And your smile has visible brackets, although we offer ceramic and champagne-gold options that look far less industrial than old-school metal.
See the full range of braces technology, including hidden lingual braces that sit behind your teeth.

What Invisalign and Clear Aligners Do Better

Aligners are removable.
That one feature changes everything.
You eat whatever you want.
You brush and floss like normal.
There is no metal scratching your cheeks.
For image-conscious adults chasing what I call the Miami Glow Up, aligners are the obvious play.
Teens who play contact sports or wind instruments love them too.
Our in-house 3D printing lab means we fabricate aligners right here in Miramar.
If you lose a tray before a big event in Fort Lauderdale, we print a replacement fast.
No waiting on shipments from a distant factory.
This speed is why we are known as the Best Orthodontist South Florida for busy professionals who cannot waste time.
Explore our comprehensive Invisalign and clear aligner solutions, including nighttime-only protocols.

Why Invisalign Cost in South Florida Is Not One-Size-Fits-All

Direct Answer: Invisalign cost varies based on case complexity, treatment length, and the expertise of the provider. Board-certified specialists may charge differently because they handle the hard cases most general dentists refer out.

I see quotes online saying Invisalign is always X dollars.
That is misleading.
A simple six-month case of minor crowding costs far less than a complex 18-month bite reconstruction.
At SMILE-FX® Orthodontic & Clear Aligner Studio, we give you a single all-inclusive fee after your free 3D scan.
That fee covers everything from the aligners to retainers and remote monitoring.
We do not surprise you with add-ons.
For those searching "Invisalign Cost South Florida" or "Clear Aligners Cost Miami", know that flexible financing with 0% interest options and $0 down options for qualified patients makes elite care reachable.
Start with a virtual consult and get a transparent estimate before you ever leave home in Pembroke Pines.

Does Insurance Cover Braces or Invisalign?

Direct Answer: Many dental PPO plans cover a portion of orthodontic treatment up to a lifetime maximum, typically between $1,500 and $3,000. Coverage depends on your employer’s contract, and our team verifies your specific benefits before you commit.

If you have Florida Blue PPO or Delta Dental of Florida, we are in-network.
We maximize every dollar your policy provides.
For the portion insurance does not pay, our financing options bridge the gap.
We see families searching "Affordable Braces South Florida" and "$0 Down Braces Financing South Florida" and we deliver exactly that.
No hidden fees, no fine print games.
We comply with Florida SB 1808, guaranteeing prompt refunds if an overpayment ever occurs.
Your financial safety is non-negotiable.
Walk into our Miramar studio with confidence, knowing you are treated by a 5-Star Rated Orthodontist Florida parents and professionals consistently recommend.

Finding the Best Orthodontist for Complex Cases Near You

Direct Answer: The best orthodontist for complex cases is one with board certification, advanced 3D imaging, and a track record of retreating failed smiles. General dentists may offer aligners, but they lack the residency training to manage surgical bites, impacted teeth, or airway-driven malocclusion.

I see the damage.
Patients arrive after two years of mail-order aligners or a quick-fix general dentist treatment.
Their bite is worse.
Roots are damaged.
Jaws click.
These complex retreatments demand a specialist who has seen it all.
Dr. Tracy Liang is a Diplomate of the American Board of Orthodontics, an achievement reached by only about 30% of orthodontists.
When you search "Best Orthodontist for Complex Cases" or "Top Rated Orthodontist Miramar", you are really searching for this level of clinical authority.
We use ultra-low-radiation 3D CBCT imaging to see the full skeletal picture.
No guessing.
Just precise, predictable engineering of your smile.
Learn what sets a Board Certified practice apart.

What to Expect at Your First Orthodontic Consultation

Direct Answer: Your first visit should include a comfortable digital scan, a clinical examination by the specialist, a discussion of findings, and a clear, written treatment plan with all costs outlined. No pressure, no commitment, just answers.

At SMILE-FX®, we turned the consultation into an experience.
No messy putty molds.
We use Trios 3Shape or iTero optical scanning.
You see a 3D model of your mouth on the screen in real time.
We run an AI Smile Simulation so you know exactly what to expect.
Dr. Liang personally reviews everything with you.
This is not a rushed assembly line.
We block out enough time to answer every question, from "Does insurance cover braces?" to "How will treatment fit around my commute from Aventura or Palm Beach?"
When you search "Orthodontic Consultation South Florida", you are looking for a practice that respects your time and your intelligence.
That is what we deliver.
Book your FREE 3D scan & VIP smile consultation and walk out with a clear roadmap.

The Local Advantage: Why Miramar Beats the Traffic for Top-Rated Care

Families from Fort Lauderdale, Cooper City, and even as far as Boca Raton make the drive.
They do it because our technology reduces the total number of visits by about 40%.
AI remote monitoring means we check your progress weekly through your phone.
You only come in when meaningful adjustments are needed.
For adults juggling careers and kids attending Broward County schools, that translates to hours saved on I-95 and the Palmetto Expressway.
When people search "Top Rated Orthodontist Fort Lauderdale" or "Best Orthodontist Near Me", they are often surprised the answer lives a short drive away in Miramar.
Our central location puts elite care within reach of the entire tri-county area, from Miami to Palm Beach.

A Word on Affordable Braces and 0% Financing

You should not have to choose between quality and affordability.
We designed our practice to offer both.
Our in-house 3D printing slashes lab costs, and we pass those savings to you.
Whether you need Affordable Braces Broward or a premium clear aligner plan, our financing partners provide 0% interest options and $0 down for qualified patients.
We treat every case with the same clinical rigor.
From a teenager getting simple $0 down braces to an adult undergoing full bite reconstruction, the standard never drops.
That is how we earned the title #1 Orthodontist Miami to Palm Beach in patient satisfaction.
Start your journey with a FREE 3D scan & VIP smile consultation here and see why families trust SMILE-FX® for braces, clear aligners, and Invisalign across all ages.